Systems and methods for facilitating a personalized viewing experience

ABSTRACT

Embodiments are related to processing of a source video stream for generation of a target video stream that includes an object of interest to a viewer. In some embodiments, the target video stream may exclusively or primarily include the performance of the object of interest to the viewer, without including other persons in that video. This allows a viewer to focus on an object of his or her interest and not necessarily have to view the performances of other objects in the source video stream.

BACKGROUND

Videos are sequences of a large number of images, each of which called aframe, displayed in fast enough frequency so that the human eyes canperceive that as continuous content. Each frame of a video can havemultiple objects, some of which may be animate (e.g., animals, insects,human beings, etc.) and some may be inanimate (e.g., rocks, chairs,books, etc., or things that do not have a life). In many applications, aviewer of a video may be interested in watching a specific objectincluded in the video without having to watch the other objects. Forexample, the quarterback coach of a sports team might be interested inwatching only the video frames that include the quarterback and no otherplayer. In a similar manner, the defensive coordinator of a sports teammay be interested only in watching the performance of a specificlinebacker and no other player. As another example, a mother watchingthe video of a dance performance of her son's dancing group might beinterested in watching only her son's moves. Thus, in theseapplications, a viewer of an original video may be interested in viewingthe performance/progression of a specific object of interest in a video.Consequently, there is a need for systems and methods that provide apersonalized viewing experience to viewers by focusing on an object ofinterest to the viewer.

SUMMARY

Disclosed embodiments are directed at systems, methods, and apparatusfor facilitating a personalized viewing experience. The method includesreceiving a source video stream including multiple objects, wherein thesource video stream includes a plurality of frames; identifying, withina frame in the plurality of frames, an object of interest to a viewerfrom the multiple objects based on specific audio or video features ofthe object of interest; automatically switching across the plurality offrames based on the specific audio or video features of the object ofinterest by identifying at least one frame in the plurality of frameshaving the object of interest; segmenting the source video stream intomultiple chunks, wherein each chunk includes the at least one framehaving the object of interest; and generating a target video stream bymultiplexing the multiple chunks, the target video stream includingsequentially-arranged frames having the object of interest.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a representative operation of the disclosedsystem for facilitating a personalized viewing experience, according tosome embodiments of the disclosed technology.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example architecture of a system for generating atarget video stream having an object of interest to a viewer from asource video stream having multiple objects, according to someembodiments of the disclosed technology.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example snapshot of an user interface inaccordance with disclosed embodiments for generating a target videostream having an object of interest to a viewer from a source videostream, according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.

FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram showing a process associated withgenerating a target video stream with an object of interest to a viewerfrom a source video stream having multiple objects, according to someembodiments of the disclosed technology.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following detailed description of the invention is merely exemplaryin nature and is not intended to limit the invention or the applicationand uses of the invention. Furthermore, there is no intention to bebound by any theory presented in the preceding background or thefollowing detailed description.

The various embodiments described herein generally provide apparatus,systems and methods related to processing of a source video stream forgeneration of a target video stream that includes an object of interestto a viewer. In some embodiments, the target video stream mayexclusively or primarily include the performance of the object ofinterest to the viewer, without including other persons in that video.This allows a viewer to focus on an object of his or her interest andnot necessarily have to view the performances of other objects in thesource video stream.

The object of interest in the original source video stream can be anyanimate or inanimate object. Non-limiting examples of a source videostream can be personal video recordings, TV shows, sports, movies,music, documentaries, streaming content from content providers such asNETFLIX©, HULU©, YOUTUBE©, HBO GO©, etc. In some embodiments, the viewercan express an indication of an object of interest in the source videostream by inputting/providing a textual description, byuploading/providing/submitting one or more images of the object ofinterest, by identifying (based on an identifier such as a name, a rolein an event, or an image) an object of interest from a plurality ofobjects displayed on a menu of a user interface, or by providing one ormore videos including the object of interest.

For example, the father of a high school student may be interested inwatching the recorded performance of his son, i.e., an object ofinterest in a video of a game of the school's basketball team. Thefather may provide/upload/submit an image of his son to the disclosedsystem. The disclosed system receives the image of the son and tries tofind a match between objects in each frame of the game's recording andthe image of the son. Upon identifying the frames that include the son,the disclosed system can create a (new) target video stream thatincludes the son without necessarily including other players in thegame. In some embodiments, a match between objects in a frame and theimage of the son can be detected using any object recognition or machinelearning algorithm. The disclosed system processes each of the videoframes to identify frames that include the object of interest. Theseframes are then aggregated (“stitched”) together to produce the targetvideo stream.

In some implementations, the target video stream is re-encoded at thesame quality or a lower quality than the source video stream. Forexample, the source video stream can be a 4K video and a target videostream may be of ultra high definition (UHD), high definition (HD) orstandard definition (SD) quality. The source video stream can be raw(unedited) footage shot on a video camera, an over-the-air broadcastfrom a satellite or cable television distribution system, or any othervideo. The source video stream may also be transferred over any type ofcommunication network, such as the Internet or other wide area network,a local area network, a private network, a mobile communication system,a terrestrial television network, a cable television network, and asatellite television network. Additionally, the source video stream maybe transmitted by way of any communication technology, such as bysatellite, wire or optical cable, wireless, or other means. Further, thesource video stream may be delivered by any transmission method, such asbroadcast, multicast, simulcast, closed circuit, pay-per-view,on-demand, over-the-top (by “streaming,” file transfer, or other means),or other methods. The source video stream could also be saved as adigital file in any computing device.

As one example environment, a school operating the disclosed system canhave a publicly-accessible web portal of the school's football team. Theweb portal can have a video of each game played by the team. For eachvideo, the web portal can provide a menu displaying one or more membersof the school's football team as selectable objects of interest. Aperson who is interested in team member A can select team member A asthe object of interest. When the person chooses a game, the disclosedsystem can display a video (a/k/a target video stream) of the game tothe person that includes team member A primarily or exclusively. In someembodiments, the disclosed system can also provide the person an optionto view the original video (a/k/a source video stream) of the game. Theobjects of interest can be displayed on the menu by their name, aposition that they play, an identifying image, or by any other suitablemeans.

Prior to generating the target video stream, the disclosed system istrained to identify the objects of interest from a training set ofvideos/images, using machine learning methodologies such as TENSORFLOWor YOLO. In the example of the school football team, a training set ofvideos can be a collection of videos or images of an object of interest(e.g., a quarterback). Based on the system getting trained using thetraining set of videos, the disclosed system is able to identify andextract frames that include the object of interest (e.g., thequarterback), from a source video stream of a recorded game. A trainingset, for example, can be for created for one or more persons/actors in avideo. In the context of a football game, if each team has elevenplayers on the field at any instant, then there can be at mosttwenty-two (22) objects of interest. Hence, twenty-two (22) trainingsets can be used to train the system, with each set having severalvideos/images of a player.

In some embodiments, the disclosed system is able to tag one or moreobjects of interest in the source video stream, based on the systemgetting trained using the training set of videos. These tags can includean identification of the object of interest and can be overlayed on theobjects of interest in the source; and displayed on a user interface.When a viewer viewing the source video stream desires to exclusively orprimarily watch the performance of the object of interest to the viewer,the viewer can click on the tag, which causes the system to startplaying a target video stream associated with the object of interest tothe viewer. For example, this functionality can be included in thecontext of a set top box (STB) or digital video recorder (DVR) which canswitch from playing the source video stream to playing the target videostream, in response to a prompt by a viewer clicking on a remote controloperative to control the STB or the DVR.

Embodiments of the disclosed system can be owned and operated byorganizations (for profit or non-profit), schools, cable companies,broadcasting companies, or private individuals.

FIG. 1A-FIG. 1B illustrate a representative operation of the disclosedsystem. FIG. 1A shows a source video stream with example chunks 102A,102B, 102, and 102D including frames having the object of interest (awalking man wearing white pants) to a viewer. There may be other objectsin a frame. For example, the walking man with black pants is anotherobject that appears in some frames. It is assumed that the viewer hasspecified a selection of this object of interest to the disclosedsystem. As a result, the disclosed system identifies chunks 102A, 102B,102, and 102D of video frames that include the object of interest to theviewer.

FIG. 1B shows a target video stream with the chunks 102A, 102B, 102C,and 102D multiplexed to form the target video stream. Even though someembodiments can contemplate multiple processors assigned withidentifying the chunks 102A, 102B, 102C, and 102D the target videostream includes these chunks with sequentially-arranged frames havingthe object of interest.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example architecture of a system in accordancewith disclosed embodiments for generating a target video stream with anobject of interest to a viewer from a source video stream havingmultiple objects. According to the embodiments shown in FIG. 2, thedisclosed system (e.g., configured as one or more physical servers orcloud servers) can include memory 205, one or more processors 210,training module 215, object identification module 225, and target videogeneration module 230. Other embodiments of the present invention mayinclude some, all, or none of these modules and components, along withother modules, applications, and/or components. Still yet, someembodiments may incorporate two or more of these modules and componentsinto a single module and/or associate a portion of the functionality ofone or more of these modules with a different module.

Memory 205 can store instructions for running one or more applicationsor modules on processor(s) 210. For example, memory 205 could be used inone or more embodiments to house all or some of the instructions neededto execute the functionality of training module 215, objectidentification module 225, and target video generation module 230.Generally, memory 205 can include any device, mechanism, or populateddata structure used for storing information. In accordance with someembodiments of the present disclosure, memory 205 can encompass, but isnot limited to, any type of volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, anddynamic memory. For example, memory 205 can be random access memory,memory storage devices, optical memory devices, magnetic media, floppydisks, magnetic tapes, hard drives, SIMMs, SDRAM, DIMMs, RDRAM, DDR RAM,SODIMMS, EPROMs, EEPROMs, compact discs, DVDs, and/or the like. Inaccordance with some embodiments, memory 205 may include one or moredisk drives, flash drives, one or more databases, one or more tables,one or more files, local cache memories, processor cache memories,relational databases, flat databases, and/or the like. In addition,those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate many additionaldevices and techniques for storing information that can be used asmemory 205.

Training module 215 is configured to “learn” specific audio and videofeatures associated with the object of interest from the one or moretraining content, during a training phase. Examples of specific audioand video features associated with an object of interest can be a colorof the object of interest, geometric attributes such as aheight/width/depth of the object of interest, whether the object ofinterest changes form (animate) or does not change form (inanimate).Additionally, if the object of interest is animate, then specific audioand video features can be a color of different parts (e.g., the eyes,the shirt, the pants, etc.) of the object of interest, a pitch or afrequency of a voice of the object of interest, or an instrument playedby the object of interest.

Object identification module 225 is configured to identify frames thatinclude the object of interest.

Target video generation module 230 is configured to generate the targetvideo streams. For example, these frames maybe aggregated (“stitched”)together to produce the target video stream as a continuous stream andnot a disjointed stream.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example snapshot 302 of an user interface inaccordance with disclosed embodiments for generating a target videostream with an object of interest to a viewer from a source videostream. The user interface can be displayed on a monitor such as amobile device monitor, a computer monitor, or a TV monitor. The userinterface can be displayed by a remote web portal (e.g., of a school'sfootball team or of a dance group or of a streaming content provider) orelectronic programming content (e.g., a TV show, a movie, or adocumentary) displayed by a STB or a DVR. Thus, a viewer can interactwith the user interface by clicking a button, hovering a mouse, orgiving a voice command using any mechanism involving a remote control, amobile device, or any type of suitable input device operative tointeract with the user interface.

The snapshot 302 corresponds to a source video stream and includes fourobjects, object 1, object 2, object 3, object 4 denoted as 302, 304,306, 308 respectively. In some embodiments, the snapshot 302 can be astatic snapshot, e.g., produced when a viewer pauses the source videostream while playing. In some embodiments, a viewer does not necessarilyhave to pause the video stream while playing and the four objects in thesnapshot are tagged or labeled as object 1, object 2, object 3, orobject 4. Region 330 of snapshot 302 includes a message/notificationregion in which the user interface queries the viewer whether the viewerwishes to focus on object 1, object 2, object 3, or object 4. A user canspecify a selection of his or her object of interest by clicking on anyof buttons 320, 322, 324, or 326. In some embodiments, region 330 isgenerated when the user clicks on a button or otherwise interacts withthe user interface. Accordingly, the disclosed system may generate atarget video stream with the specified target of interest.

In some embodiments, the disclosed system automatically identifies basedon tracking an eye movement of the viewer that is viewing the userinterface. For example, cameras coupled to a TV, a STB, a computermonitor, a mobile device, or other devices can track the eye movement ofa viewer over time. The cameras may transmit to the disclosed systeminformation (e.g., over a wired or a wireless network) relating to aviewer's eye movement. Upon receiving the information, the disclosedsystem can process this information to determine which object if ofinterest to the user.

In some embodiments, user interface corresponds to a web page (e.g., ofa school's football team) showing four possible choices (e.g., fourplayers on the football team) that can be of possible interest to a userin connection with a source video stream (e.g., a recording of afootball game). A user can click on one of the four objects to specifyan object of interest. Accordingly, the disclosed system may generate atarget video stream with the specified object of interest.

In some embodiments, the disclosed application program can be integratedwith a voice control system such as AMAZON© ALEXA© or GOOGLE©ASSISTANT©.

FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram showing a process associated withgenerating a target video stream with an object of interest to a viewerfrom a source video stream having multiple objects. At step 402, theprocess receives a source video stream including multiple objects. Forexample, the source video stream can be a personal video recording, a TVshow, a pre-recorded sports event, a movie, a music video, adocumentary, or streaming content from a content provider. The sourcevideo stream includes a plurality of frames, e.g., a collection of I, P,and B frames in for videos in the MPEG format. At step 403, the processidentifies (within a frame in the plurality of frames) an object ofinterest to a viewer from the multiple objects based on specific audioor video features of the object of interest. In some embodiments, theprocess is trained to identify the specific audio or video featuresduring a training phase in which one or more training content associatedwith the object of interest is provided to the process. As a result ofthe training, the process is able to “learn” specific audio and videofeatures associated with the object of interest from the one or moretraining content. Examples of specific audio and video featuresassociated with an object of interest can be a color of the object ofinterest, geometric attributes such as a height/width/depth of theobject of interest, whether the object of interest changes form(animate) or does not change form (inanimate). Additionally, if theobject of interest is animate, then specific audio and video featurescan be a color of different parts (e.g., the eyes, the shirt, the pants,etc.) of the object of interest, a pitch or a frequency of a voice ofthe object of interest, or an instrument played by the object ofinterest. Various other specific audio and video features can beassociated with an object of interest. At step 406, the processautomatically switches across the plurality of frames based on thespecific audio or video features of the object of interest. As anoutcome of the sweep, the process identifies at least one frame in theplurality of frames having the object of interest. At step 408, theprocess segments the source video stream into multiple chunks (eachchunk includes the at least one frame having the object of interest) andgenerates (at step 410) a target video stream by multiplexing themultiple chunks. Consequently, the target video stream includessequentially-arranged frames having the object of interest. In someembodiments, generating the target video stream includes re-encoding thesource video stream. In some embodiments, the process optionally createsanother target video stream with a zoomed-in or a zoomed-out view of theobject of interest.

Some of the embodiments described herein are described in the generalcontext of methods or processes, which may be implemented in oneembodiment by a computer program product, embodied in acomputer-readable medium, including computer-executable instructions,such as program code, executed by computers in networked environments. Acomputer-readable medium may include removable and non-removable storagedevices including, but not limited to, Read Only Memory (ROM), RandomAccess Memory (RAM), compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVD),etc. Therefore, the computer-readable media may include a non-transitorystorage media. Generally, program modules may include routines,programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that performparticular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Computer-or processor-executable instructions, associated data structures, andprogram modules represent examples of program code for executing stepsof the methods disclosed herein. The particular sequence of suchexecutable instructions or associated data structures representsexamples of corresponding acts for implementing the functions describedin such steps or processes.

Some of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented as devices ormodules using hardware circuits, software, or combinations thereof. Forexample, a hardware circuit implementation may include discrete analogand/or digital components that are, for example, integrated as part of aprinted circuit board. Alternatively, or additionally, the disclosedcomponents or modules may be implemented as an Application SpecificIntegrated Circuit (ASIC) and/or as a Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) device. Some implementations may additionally or alternativelyinclude a digital signal processor (DSP) that is a specializedmicroprocessor with an architecture optimized for the operational needsof digital signal processing associated with the disclosedfunctionalities of this application. Similarly, the various componentsor sub-components within each module may be implemented in software,hardware or firmware. The connectivity between the modules and/orcomponents within the modules may be provided using any one of theconnectivity methods and media that is known in the art, including, butnot limited to, communications over the Internet, wired, or wirelessnetworks using the appropriate protocols. For example, thecommunications can include any combination of local area and/or widearea networks, using wired and/or wireless communication systems. Thenetworks could use any or more protocols/technologies: Ethernet, IEEE802.11 or Wi-Fi, worldwide interoperability for microwave access(WiMAX), cellular telecommunication (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G), CDMA, cable,digital subscriber line (DSL), etc. Similarly, the networking protocolsmay include multiprotocol label switching (MPLS), transmission controlprotocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP),hypertext transport protocol (HTTP), simple mail transfer protocol(SMTP), and file transfer protocol (FTP). Data exchanged over the one ormore networks may be represented using technologies, languages, and/orformats including hypertext markup language (HTML) or extensible markuplanguage (XML). In addition, all or some links can be encrypted usingconventional encryption technologies such as secure sockets layer (SSL),transport layer security (TLS), and Internet Protocol security (IPsec).

The foregoing description of embodiments has been presented for purposesof illustration and description. The foregoing description is notintended to be exhaustive or to limit embodiments of the presentinvention to the precise form disclosed, and modifications andvariations are possible in light of the above teachings or may beacquired from practice of various embodiments. The embodiments discussedherein were chosen and described in order to explain the principles andthe nature of various embodiments and its practical application toenable one skilled in the art to utilize the present invention invarious embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated. The features of the embodiments describedherein may be combined in all possible combinations of methods,apparatus, modules, systems, and computer program products.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for facilitating a personalized viewingexperience in connection with an object of interest included in a sourcevideo content comprising: a first phase for identifying featuresspecific to the object of interest using training video contentincluding: receiving the training video content including the object ofinterest, wherein the training video content is distinct from the sourcevideo content; processing the training video content to identify one ormore audio features and one or more video features, wherein the one ormore audio features includes a change in a pitch or a frequency and theone or more video features includes a geometric attribute, a color, oran indication of a change in form; extracting, from the one or moreaudio features and the one or more video features based upon processingthe training video content, at least one audio feature or at least onevideo feature specific to the object of interest; generating a list ofobjects including the object of interest in the source video content;receiving a user selection of the object of interest from the list ofobjects of interest; a second phase for identifying the object ofinterest using the source video content including: receiving the sourcevideo content including multiple objects distributed in a plurality offrames, the multiple objects including the object of interest;identifying, in the plurality of frames, the object of interest inresponse to detecting the at least one audio feature or the at least onevideo feature specific to the object of interest extracted during thefirst phase; segmenting the source video content into multiple chunks,wherein each chunk includes at least one frame having the object ofinterest; and generating a target video content by combining themultiple chunks, the target video content includingsequentially-arranged frames having the object of interest.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the target video content is a first targetvideo content, further comprising: creating a second target videocontent with a zoomed-in or a zoomed-out view of the object of interest.3. The method of claim 1, wherein the source video content includes atleast one of: a personal video recording, a TV show, a pre-recordedsports event, a movie, a music video, a documentary, or streamingcontent from a content provider.
 4. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: receiving a selection of the object of interest via at leastone mechanism allowing the selection of the object of interest, the atleast one mechanism including: a remote control, an online web portal, amobile application configured to run on a mobile device, or anapplication program included within a voice control system.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: re-encoding the source videocontent for generating the target video content.
 6. The method of claim5, wherein the source video content has a higher quality than the targetvideo content.
 7. A non-transitory computer-readable storage mediumstoring instructions configured for facilitating a personalized viewingexperience in connection with an object of interest included in a sourcevideo content to perform a method comprising: a first phase foridentifying features specific to the object of interest using trainingvideo content including: receive the training video content includingthe object of interest, wherein the training video content is distinctfrom the source video content; process the training video content toidentify one or more audio features and one or more video features,wherein the one or more audio features includes a change in a pitch or afrequency and the one or more video features includes a geometricattribute, a color, or an indication of a change in form; extract, fromthe one or more audio features and the one or more video features basedupon processing the training video content, at least one audio featureor at least one video feature specific to the object of interest;generating a list of objects including the object of interest in thesource video content; receiving a user selection of the object ofinterest from the list of objects of interest; a second phase foridentifying the object of interest using the source video contentincluding: receive the source video content including multiple objectsdistributed in a plurality of frames, the multiple objects including theobject of interest; identify, in the plurality of frames, the object ofinterest in response to detecting the at least one audio feature or theat least one video feature specific to the object of interest extractedduring the first phase; segment the source video content into multiplechunks, wherein each chunk includes at least one frame having the objectof interest; and generate a target video content by combining themultiple chunks, the target video content includingsequentially-arranged frames having the object of interest.
 8. Thecomputer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the target videocontent is a first target video content, wherein the method furthercomprises: create a second target video content with a zoomed-in or azoomed-out view of the object of interest.
 9. The computer-readablestorage medium of claim 7, wherein the source video content includes atleast one of: a personal video recording, a TV show, a pre-recordedsports event, a movie, a music video, a documentary, or streamingcontent from a content provider.
 10. The computer-readable storagemedium of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises: receive aselection of the object of interest via at least one mechanism allowingthe selection of the object of interest, the at least one mechanismincluding: a remote control, an online web portal, a mobile applicationconfigured to run on a mobile device, or an application program includedwithin a voice control system.
 11. The computer-readable storage mediumof claim 7, wherein the method further comprises: re-encode the sourcevideo content for generating the target video content.
 12. Thecomputer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the source videocontent has a higher quality than the target video content.
 13. Anapparatus for facilitating a personalized viewing experience inconnection with an object of interest included in a source video contentcomprising: a memory; one or more processors electronically coupled tothe memory and configured for: a first phase for identifying featuresspecific to the object of interest using training video contentincluding: receiving the training video content including the object ofinterest, wherein the training video content is distinct from the sourcevideo content; processing the training video content to identify one ormore audio features and one or more video features, wherein the one ormore audio features includes a change in a pitch or a frequency and theone or more video features includes a geometric attribute, a color, oran indication of a change in form; extracting, from the one or moreaudio features and the one or more video features based upon processingthe training video content, at least one audio feature or at least onevideo feature specific to the object of interest; generating a list ofobjects including the object of interest in the source video content;receiving a user selection of the object of interest from the list ofobjects of interest; a second phase for identifying the object ofinterest using the source video content including: receiving the sourcevideo content including multiple objects distributed in a plurality offrames, the multiple objects including the object of interest;identifying, in the plurality of frames, the object of interest inresponse to detecting the at least one audio feature or the at least onevideo feature specific to the object of interest extracted during thefirst phase; segmenting the source video content into multiple chunks,wherein each chunk includes at least one frame having the object ofinterest; and generating a target video content by combining themultiple chunks, the target video content includingsequentially-arranged frames having the object of interest.
 14. Theapparatus of claim 13, wherein the target video content is a firsttarget video content, further comprising: creating a second target videocontent with a zoomed-in or a zoomed-out view of the object of interest.15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the source video content includesat least one of: a personal video recording, a TV show, a pre-recordedsports event, a movie, a music video, a documentary, or streamingcontent from a content provider.
 16. The apparatus of claim 13, whereinthe memory is further configured for: receiving a selection of theobject of interest via at least one mechanism allowing the selection ofthe object of interest, the at least one mechanism including: a remotecontrol, an online web portal, a mobile application configured to run ona mobile device, or an application program included within a voicecontrol system.
 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the memory isfurther configured for: re-encoding the source video content forgenerating the target video content.